Imagine a place where ancient kingdoms, nomadic traditions, and vibrant artistry come together.
Welcome to Taraba State, Nigeria. Today, let’s meet three of its major threads: the mighty Jukun, the resilient Mumuye, and the far-reaching Fulani.
The Jukun: Keepers of Ancient Kingdoms
The Jukun people are descendants of the Kwararafa kingdom, one of West Africa's most powerful empires from the 14th to 18th centuries. Their cultural capital is Wukari. They are known for fishing, farming and cloth dyeing.
As expert farmers and fishers, their cuisine is rich. Dishes include flavorful soups, madidi, and tuwo served with soup.
Known for having one of the most accessible bride prices in Nigeria, the process includes betrothal money, the bride price, and a symbolic gift like a handbag (Andu).
Their traditional attire is stunning, primarily in indigo blue and black. Royalty is distinguished by the Kadzwe fabric, a ritually significant cloth reserved for kings.
The Mumuye: Artists of the Hills
The Mumuye are considered the second largest indigenous group, after the Tiv, of the Middle Benue. They speak the Mumuye language, which has several dialects. Often known for communal living and masquerades to strengthen community ties. The culture differs within Mumuye subgroups because of their isolation.
The Mumuye have different ceremonies, one of which is the Ushavuko, which occurs twice a year.
The Mumuye are best known for their iconic wooden sculpture, Lansir. These abstract, elongated figures are celebrated for their intricate carvings and spiritual significance.
They are skilled farmers growing millet, yams, and peanuts. The annual yam festival is a major celebration featuring masked dances.
In terms of their traditional marriage, the first marriage is entirely the duty of the groom’s parents. They pay all the required dowry for their son for the first time he is going into marriage. The dowry ranges from twenty to sixty well-fed Goats, or the equivalent of Cows or equivalent value in 'Saka' Iron bars known as Money. An essential aspect of the marriage process among the Mumuye is the test of the groom’s physical capability and regard for his in-laws, particularly his father and mother-in-law.
The Mumuye traditional clothing is "Lantang for men, styled in different ways. A traditional cap or symbolic staff may accompany his outfit. The bride is usually adorned in one or more wrappers made from hand-woven or patterned cloth, wrapped around her waist or chest in a way that reflects modesty and readiness for womanhood. What truly complete the bride’s look are the beads.
The Fulani: The Wandering Herders
The Fulani are one of the largest and most widely spread ethnic groups in Africa. In Nigeria, the Fulani are found in almost every region, with large populations in the north. Cattle are more than a source of livelihood; they represent wealth, status, and survival.
Fulani dressing is known for its elegance and simplicity. Men often wear flowing robes such as jalabiya or babban riga, paired with embroidered caps or turbans. Women are admired for their striking beauty and adornment, often wearing long, colourful dresses, carefully wrapped headscarves, and distinctive jewellery.
Food among the Fulani reflects their close relationship with cattle. Milk is central to their diet and culture, and fura, a millet-based food mixed with milk. Meals are often simple but nourishing.
At the heart of Fulani culture is Pulaaku, a moral code that emphasises self-control, patience, courage, humility, and respect for others. This code guides social behaviour, marriage, and daily interactions, shaping the calm, reserved demeanor often associated with Fulani people. Marriage is treated with seriousness and dignity, involving family negotiations, modest ceremonies, and strong expectations of loyalty and discipline.
While each tribe has its own distinct identity, their histories in Taraba are interconnected. Today, they contribute to the state's vibrant diversity, from the Jukun's political heritage to the Mumuye's artistic legacy and the Fulani's pastoral traditions.
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